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Achievement is talent plus preparation. 成功是天賦加準備

由 唐春Charles聊英語 發表于 運動2023-01-23
簡介緊接著是這項研究另一個觀察角度的結果:Nor could they find any "grinds,"grind作名詞,表示“磨、苦幹”,在這個文字片段裡,grinds對應的是上文的naturals(與生俱來的天才),

研究前面加什麼動詞

Achievement is talent plus preparation. 成功是天賦加準備

For almost a generation, psychologists around the world have been engaged in a spirited debate over a question that most of us would have considered settled years ago。

The question is this: is there such a thing as innate talent? The obvious answer is yes。 Achievement is talent plus preparation。 The problem with this view, though, is that the closer psychologists look at the careers of the gifted, the smaller the role innate talent seems to play and the bigger the role preparation seems to play。

Exhibit A in this argument is a study done in the early 1990s by the psychologist K。 Anders Ericsson and two colleagues at Berlin‘s elite Academy of Music。 The thing about Ericsson’s study is that he and his colleagues couldn‘t find any “naturals,” musicians who floated effortlessly to the top while practicing a fraction of the time their peers did。 Nor could they find any “grinds,” people who worked harder than everyone else, yet just didn’t have what it takes to break into the top ranks。

Their research suggested that once you have enough ability to get into a top music school, the thing that distinguishes one performer from another is how hard he or she works。 That‘s it。 And what’s more, the people at the very top don‘t just work much harder than everyone else。 They work much, much harder。

This idea that excellence at a complex task requires a critical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise。 The emerging picture from such studies is that ten thousand hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert—in anything。

逐句解析:

For almost a generation,

幾乎一代人(以來),

a generation(一代人),大約是30年的時間。

psychologists around the world

世界各地的心理學家們

have been engaged in a spirited debate

都一直捲入在一場激烈的爭論當中

over a question

在一個問題上

that most of us would have considered settled years ago.

我們絕大部分人都會認為多年前就早已解決的問題。

**consider sth。+adj。,表示“認為某事怎麼樣”。

For almost a generation, psychologists around the world have been engaged in a spirited debate over a question that most of us would have considered settled years ago。 幾乎一代人的時間,世界各地的心理學家們都在針對我們大多數人認為很多年前就已經得到解決的一個問題進行著激烈的爭論。

The question is this

: 這個問題就是:

is there such a thing

有沒有這樣一種東西

as

作為

innate talent?

innate是形容詞“先天的、與生俱來的”。innate talent,指的就是一個人“與生俱來的天賦”。

The obvious answer is yes.

明顯的答案是:有。

Achievement is talent plus preparation

。 成就是天賦加上準備。

換句話說:成就是天賦與後天儲備結合後的產物。

The problem with this view, though,

然而,這種觀點存在的問題,

is

that the closer psychologists look

心理學家越是深入觀察

at the careers of the gifted,

天才們的職業生涯,

the smaller the role innate talent seems to play

天賦的作用就好像越小

and the bigger the role preparation seems to play

。 而後天儲備的作用就好像越大。

**play a role in sth。,“在某事當中發揮作用”。這句話也就是說:當天賦相同的一堆人聚在一起的時候,大家拼的就不是天賦了,而是後天的努力程度。

Exhibit A in this argument

這個爭論中最主要的證據

**Exhibit 動詞表示“展示”,

作名詞,表示“展覽品、證據”,也就是“展示出來給人看的東西”。Exhibit A指的是“首要證據、最主要的證據”。

is a study done in the early 1990s

是在20世紀九十年代初做過的一項研究

誰做的研究呢?

by the psychologist K. Anders Ericsson

心理學家K·安德斯·埃裡克森

and two colleagues at Berlin's elite Academy of Music.

以及在柏林的精英音樂學院裡的兩個同事。

elite Academy of Music並不是一個特指的音樂學院的名字,而是“某個頂級音樂學院”。

The thing about Ericsson's study

關於埃裡克森這項研究的一件事

**The thing的字面意思是“一件事”,結合語境:關於埃裡克森這項研究的一個結論。

is that he and his colleagues couldn't find any "naturals,"

是他和他的同事們不能發現任何“與生俱來的天才”,

natural是形容詞“自然的、天生的”,作名詞可以表示“天才、天賦異稟的人”。

musicians who floated effortlessly to the top

float作動詞表示“漂流”;float to the top,字面意思是“漂流到頂端”,也就是“一路順風順水到達巔峰”。

**effortlessly,這個詞來自effort(努力、精力),作副詞表示“毫不費力地”。這裡也就是說:毫不費力就能登上(職業)頂峰的音樂家們

while practicing a fraction of the time

當只練習一小部分的時間

while引導的狀語從句中,省略了the musicians were, 當從句中有“主語+be動詞”結構,且從句主語與主句邏輯主語一致時,可以省略該結構。

their peers did.

他們的同齡人練習(的時間)。

The thing about Ericsson’s study is that he and his colleagues couldn‘t find any “naturals,” 埃裡克森這項研究的一個結論,是他和他的同事並沒有發現任何“與生俱來的天才”,

musicians who floated effortlessly to the top while practicing a fraction of the time their peers did。(也就是)僅憑投入他們的同齡人練習時間的一小部分,就能輕輕鬆鬆攀上頂峰的音樂家。

緊接著是這項研究另一個觀察角度的結果:

Nor could they find any "grinds,"

grind作名詞,表示“磨、苦幹”,在這個文字片段裡,grinds對應的是上文的naturals(與生俱來的天才),在這項研究裡指的其實是“不勞而獲者”,grinds理解成“勞而不獲者”,也就是說:他們也沒有發現任何的“勞而不獲者”,

然後還是一個同位語來解釋這種“勞而不獲者”:

people who worked harder than everyone else,

那些比其他任何人都更努力的人,

yet just didn't have what it takes to break into the top ranks.

**

have what it takes to do sth。,表示“具有做某事的能力”;

break into,表示“闖入、躋身”。

這個轉折的成分也就是說:但(他們)就是沒能力躋入最高行列。

Nor could they find any “grinds,” 他們也沒有發現任何的“勞而不獲者”,

people who worked harder than everyone else, yet just didn’t have what it takes to break into the top ranks。 也就是一些比其他任何人都更努力,但就是沒能力躋身頂端的人。

Their research suggested

他們的研究表明

然後是一個that引導的賓語從句:

that once you have enough ability to get into a top music school,

一旦你擁有進入頂級音樂學校的足夠能力

the thing that distinguishes one performer from another

distinguish作動詞,表示“區別、區分”;distinguish one from another,指的是“區分一者和另一者”,往往指的是“使一者比另一者更突出”。這裡的that distinguishes one performer from another作後置定語,修飾前面的the thing(一件事)。

到目前為止,這句話也就是說:一旦你擁有進入頂級音樂學校的足夠能力,(那麼)讓一個人比其他人表現更突出的一件事

is how hard he or she works.

就是他或者她到底有多努力。

然後是一個加強語義的句子:

That's it.

就是這樣。

And what's more,

而且更重要的是,

the people at the very top

在最頂端的那些人

don't just work much harder than everyone else.

不僅比其他人更努力。

They work much, much harder.

他們更更努力。

這裡用了兩個much來強調這些人的努力程度,也就是說:他們的努力程度遠遠超出了其他人。

This idea

這種想法

什麼想法呢?然後是一個that引導的同位語從句:

that excellence at a complex task

在一個複雜的任務上表現突出

requires a critical minimum level of practice

需要一個至關重要的最少練習水準

到目前為止,這整個是這句話的主語,也就是說:在一個複雜的任務當中表現突出,需要至關重要的最少練習水準這一想法

surfaces again and again

一次次浮出水面

**surface作名詞表示“表面”,作動詞可以表示“浮出水面”。

in studies of expertise.

在(眾多)專業技能的研究當中。

**expertise來自expert(專家),作名詞表示“專業知識、專業技能”。

The emerging picture from such studies

** emerge動詞表示“浮現”;這裡的emerging picture,字面意思是“逐漸浮現的畫面”,直接理解成“逐漸出現的情形”。

is

that ten thousand hours of practice

一萬個小時的練習

is required

是必需的

to achieve the level of mastery

去達到精通的水平

**mastery來自master(掌握),作名詞表示“熟練掌握、精通”。

associated with being a world-class expert

**associate with sth。/doing sth。,表示“與(做)……聯絡在一起”;world-class表示“世界級的”。

—in anything.

在任何事情當中。

也就是說:這個準則放在任何專業、任何領域都同樣有效。

This idea that excellence at a complex task requires a critical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise。 在一個複雜的任務當中表現傑出,需要至關重要的最少練習時間,這一概念在專業技能的研究當中一次次浮出水面。

The emerging picture from such studies is that ten thousand hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert—in anything。 這類研究得出的結論是,想要達到世界級專業水準,一個人就必需練習10000個小時——任何行業都不例外。

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