太空中發現的十大最危險的事物 Most Dangerous Things in Space

11：15

Hey there， how are ya？ You‘re lookin’ out of this world。

嗨，小夥伴們，你們好呀。你們即將看到地球之外的事物。

Space is filled with an unimaginably large number of things； things that benefit us， like sunshine from the sun， and gravity， which keeps us in orbit and basically prevents us from flying into the abyss。

But there are plenty more things that have been found in space that are very dangerous to human life， things that are real threats that， should we ever come across them， would be a big problem for us。

太空中充斥著大量不可思議的事物，有對我們有益的事物，比如來自太陽的陽光，還有保證我們沿軌道執行的引力，它主要的是防止我們墜向宇宙深淵。

但是在宇宙中也發現了更多對於人類來說非常危險的事物，我們要是遇上它們，對於我們將會是非常巨大的麻煩。

Okay， guys， we‘ve had a problem here。

Here are the 10 Most Dangerous Things Found in Space。

好吧，這下我們麻煩了。

以下是在宇宙中發現的最危險的十大事物。

Number 10 are comets。

Comets continually orbit around star systems， but these naturally-occurring propelled masses of ice and rock are very dangerous。

第十位是彗星。

彗星不斷地圍繞恆星系執行，而這些由自然產生的動力推動的冰塊和岩石是十分危險的。

From studying comets in our own star system， we know that they are icy bodies which， when warmed by the rays of our sun， release gas and dust， creating a huge tail behind them。

This jet-like process propels these objects around the solar system， but because comets propel themselves while being pulled around by the gravitational forces of the solar system， their orbits are eccentric and not always easily calculated。

透過研究我們的星系中的彗星，我們知道它們是冰態天體在被太陽加熱後釋放出氣體和塵埃，在背後形成一條尾巴。

這種類似噴氣的過程驅動著彗星圍繞著太陽系執行，但因為彗星在被加速同時也被太陽系的引力所束縛著。

因此他們的軌道格外古怪，往往難以計算。

There are well over 5，000 comets in our solar system with thousands more potentially out there just flying around。

Some of these comets have nuclei measuring up to 100 kilometers。

在太陽系中有超過五千顆的彗星，其中有數千顆非常可能環繞著地球。

某些彗星可能有直徑超過一百公里的核。

Literally， if one of these ever hit our planet， the energy released would wipe out， um， all of us。

There’s something to think about while you go to bed tonight。

一旦其中一個撞上地球碰撞釋放的能量將摧毀……所有人類。晚上睡覺之前 一定要懷著感激的心啊。

Number nine are asteroids。

Asteroids are rocky objects which orbit a star。

第九名是小行星。

小行星是環繞恆星執行的岩石天體。

And like comets， they can crash into planets， causing devastation。

For the most part， asteroids tend to be fragments of rock formed during the early stages of a star system。

如彗星一樣，它們可能會撞擊行星並造成災難。

多數情況下，小行星其實只是一些星系形成初期產生的岩石碎片。

Otherwise， they can be the debris left over from large collisions involving planets or moons， or even the remnants of a larger rock body torn apart by gravitational forces。

In some rare cases， they may have even originated from other star systems and were fired into our solar system during a supernova or other high-energy event。

而其餘的則是恆星或衛星大碰撞時產生的碎片，或者是一些大的岩石天體被引力撕裂而留下的殘骸。

在某些更罕見的情況下，小行星由於超新星爆炸等高能活動從其它星系噴射進太陽系。

Through gravitational attraction， asteroids can be put on a crash course with a planet。 Oh， by Matt， that would never happen。

憑藉引力作用小行星可能會撞向行星。要我說，這絕不會發生的。

That‘s only in the movies。 Actually， it’s happened to Earth before。

那隻會出現在電影中 。實際上這曾在地球上發生過。

And scientists believe that there are so many asteroids out there， it‘s not a matter of if but a matter of when this happens again。

Where’s Bruce Willis when you need him？

科學家認為小行星的數量是如此之多，肯定會有一顆再次撞向地球，只不過是時間早晚的問題。

到時候哪裡找得到“布魯斯·威利斯”啊。

Number eight are coronal ejections。

Coronal objections from stars have the potential to cripple technology and even burn off parts of the planet‘s atmosphere。

第八名是日冕物質拋射。

恆星的日冕物質拋射可能會導致電子產品的癱瘓，並且甚至會引燃行星的部分大氣層。

In case you didn’t know， we need that。

While they‘re actually very common， these ejections just need to be the correct strength and trajectory to cause mayhem for anything caught in their path。

可能你不知道，我們需要它。

雖然它們非常的常見，但這些噴出物只需要有足夠的動力和在正確的軌道下就會對行進道路上的任何物體造成災難。

It’s assumed that， just like our own sun， all stars produce such events， and so this would be a hazard to ever star system in the universe。

Coronal ejections usually occur during a sun flare， which is a sudden increase in energy output on the surface of a star。

我們認為，如同我們的太陽一樣，所有的恆星都存在著這種現象，所以這對於宇宙中恆星系來說都是一種威脅。

日冕拋射通常發生在太陽耀斑期間，是恆星表面能量突然的爆發。

Though some flares do not result in coronal ejections， when they do， the star spews out hot， radiated clouds of plasm。

When this shockwave of plasma reaches a planet， it can cause geomagnetic storms which tears electrons from electronic devices and may even expose any present life to cosmic radiation。

儘管有一些耀斑不會導致日冕拋射，當它們發生時，它們會拋射出熾熱的帶有輻射的等離子云。

一旦這些等離子體的衝擊波抵達行星將會引發磁暴，磁暴會奪走電子裝置中的電子，甚至可能會使所有生物都暴露在宇宙輻射中。

And I know the comics make that sound cool， like you‘re gonna turn into Bruce Banner， the Hulk， but that’s most likely not gonna happen。

You‘re more likely just gonna have hands growing out your face。

我知道有些漫畫把這種情況畫的很酷，比如說變異為布魯斯巴納，即綠巨人，但其實這並不現實。你更有可能在臉上多長出一隻手。

Number seven are interstellar planets。 We commonly think of planets as masses of rock or gas which orbit a star。

第七名是流浪行星。我們通常認為行星是環繞恆星運動的巨大的岩石或氣體團。

But there are planets out there without a home， and if one of them wandered into a star system， it could be disastrous。 Hey， just a planet looking for a home。

但是也有一些流浪漢行星，若是它們其中一個溜達進一個恆星系這會是一場災難。

嘿，它只不過是在尋找家嘛。

Oh， what is that， Earth？ I’m comin‘ for ya。

喔，那是啥，地球嗎？我來啦。

These interstellar planets spin through space without orbiting a star。 It’s believed this occurs when a planet either flung out of a planetary system by gravitational forces or when a planet forms from debris outside of a stellar region。

這些流浪漢在星系間穿越，但並不圍繞著恆星運動。之所以會發生這種情況，因為它在所處的行星系統中被引力丟擲，或者是因為它本身就是由星系外的碎片形成的。

Some of these planets may even be failed stars which didn‘t reach enough mass to ignite。 It’s possible that an interstellar planet could pass close enough to a star system to be pulled into it。

這些行星甚至有可能是未形成的恆星，它們沒有足夠的質量產生聚變。

這些流浪行星有可能在足夠靠近恆星系的時候被引力捕獲。

For example， if a new planet was suddenly mushed into our star system， basically there would just be constant planetary collisions。

And it‘s not Like there’s just a few of them。

比如說如果一個新行星突然衝進我們太陽系，這很可能會導致不斷的行星碰撞。

而且這種星球還不算少。

It‘s estimated that there are billions of these worlds out there as we speak， wandering alone through the cosmos。 Yeah， that’s not good。

據估計有數十億顆這種行星存在，正如我們所說的，它們在宇宙中獨自徘徊。哦，這可不好。

Do interstellar restraining orders exist？ Number six are high-velocity stars。

還有沒有規矩了？第六名是高速恆星。

High-velocity stars are some of the most dangerous objects in the universe。

They move faster than the stars in their local neighborhood， and so they have potential to collide with other star systems。

高速恆星是宇宙中最危險的幾類物體之一。

他們比周圍的星體執行的都要快，所以它們非常有可能與其它恆星系相撞。

Like an interstellar game of bumper cars， except everyone dies。 There are three types of high-velocity stars。

這就像是宇宙中的碰碰車，不同之處是每個人都會死。一共有三種類型的高速恆星。

These are runaway stars， halo stars， and hyper-velocity stars。 Of these three， it‘s hyper-velocity stars which are the most dangerous。

分別是失控恆星、暈星和超高速恆星。這三種之中，超高速恆星是最危險的。

And also have the coolest name。 These stars can have velocities which are so high that they can escape the gravitational pull of an entire galaxy。

同時名字也是最酷的。這種恆星的速度可以非常快，以至於它們能逃離整個星系的引力束縛。

Interestingly， no one is quite sure how they even form， although some theories suggest that each hyper-velocity star previously orbited a second star， which then exploded and accelerated the surviving star to hyper-velocity。

If a hyper-velocity star entered our star system， it could pull planets into its fiery embrace。

有趣的是，目前還沒人確定它們是怎麼形成的，儘管某些理論認為，所有的超高速恆星之前都環繞著另一顆伴星 ，接著在爆炸之後使倖存下來的星體加速至超高速。

如果說超高速恆星一旦進入一個恆星系它會把行星拉入他熾熱的懷抱。

It’s so romantic。 Number five is a supernova。

太浪漫了。第五名是超新星爆發。

A supernova is a devastatingly dangerous space explosion。 They occur at the end of a massive star‘s lifespan， when a titanic explosion takes place， creating a light source which can easily outshine most of the stars around it。

超新星爆發是最具毀滅性危險的宇宙爆炸。超新星爆發是最具毀滅性危險的宇宙爆炸，它發生在巨大的星體到達生命末期時，這時會發生劇烈的大爆炸發出讓周圍多數恆星失色的強烈的亮光。

These events have been recorded in the night sky many times， especially with Kepler’s Supernova in 1604， visible to the naked eye even though it was 20，000 light years away。

When the explosion occurs， the dying star expels much of its matter at 10% the speed of light。

這種現象已經在夜空中被觀測到多次了，尤其是 1604 年的開普勒超新星，儘管它在 20，000 光年外，它仍可以由肉眼所見。

當爆炸發生時垂死的恆星會以 10% 的光速噴射出許多物質。

This gigantic shockwave has the potential to destroy basically anything in its path。 Hey everybody， get ready to die。

巨大的衝擊波有可能會摧毀其範圍內的一切物體。大家，準備好接收死亡吧。

You‘d better watch out。 Now， while these events are rare， some people believe that dim white dwarf stars could explode in this way， which could happen suddenly with almost no warning。

最好還是小心點。儘管這種情況鮮有發生，某些人還是相信白矮星會以這種毫無預警的形式突然爆炸。

But luckily， no such candidates have been found close to Earth， yet。 So， just saying， you might want to cross your fingers that our interstellar neighborhood is a safe one。

幸運的是，地球周圍目前還沒有發現這種危險分子。所以說，我們的星系周圍很安全，你可能想額手稱慶，所以說，我們的星系周圍很安全。

Number four are rogue black holes。 Black holes are among the most fascinating objects in the cosmos。

第四名是流浪黑洞。黑洞可能是在宇宙中最引人關注的物體了。

But one theory suggests that their destructive power could be waiting just around the corner。 Hey， hey there。 I’m a black hole。

但是一種理論認為其毀滅性的力量可能近在咫尺。嘿，嘿我是一個黑洞。

I‘m destructive。 Known as rogue black holes， these gigantic objects are capable of strolling into a star system and swallowing it up。

我是超兇的。流浪黑洞遠近聞名，這些巨大的黑洞可能會竄進恆星系中並將其全部吸入。

Basically like an all you can eat planet buffet。

They’re produced when a star collapses in on itself， creating a point in space where gravity is so strong， even light can‘t escape from it。

基本上就像是吃行星吃到飽的自助一樣。

它們是在恆星坍縮的時候產生的坍縮使空間形成一個引力，非常強烈的點以至於光都無法逃脫。

What’s worse is that they can‘t be observed directly， and we can only detect them when we see their gravitational influence。

While a supermassive black hole can be spotted moving around a distant galaxy， there actually is one that is much closer to home。

更糟糕的是它無法被直接觀察，我們只能透過引力效應偵測到它們。

雖然目前也觀察到一個大質量的黑洞在環繞著一個遙遠星系運動，實際上，有一個離我們更近的。

Known only as the Bullet， this probable rogue black hole is moving against the rotation of our Milky Way galaxy and could destroy any system it encounters。

Oh， don’t worry， if you haven‘t lost sleep yet based on our impending doom， we got three more to go。

這是個被命名為“子彈”的流浪黑洞正逆著銀河系轉動的方向運動，它可以摧毀一切它遇上的恆星系。別擔心，如果你還沒有因為這些可能面對的厄運而嚇得睡不著別急，我們還有三個沒說。

Number three are gamma rays。

Gamma ray bursts are one of the most energetic explosions in the entire universe。

第三名是伽瑪射線。

伽瑪射線爆發是全宇宙中能量最高的一種爆炸，

If one of them hit Earth， the consequences would be。 。 。 Ah。 What’s the word？ Deadly？

如果其中一束射向地球 那結果將是……那個詞是什麼？致命的？

They‘re caused by a rapidly rotating， high-mass star collapsing in on itself。 This creates a neutron star， quirk star or black hole and releases a beam of radiation in the process。

它是由高速旋轉的大質量恆星坍縮的過程中產生的。這個過程中會產生中子星、夸克星或者是黑洞並釋放出一簇輻射線。

These bursts contain more energy in just a few seconds than our sun will release across its estimated 10-billion-year-long life。 If one of these bursts is directed at Earth， it would deplete our ozone and expose us to harmful cosmic radiation。

這種爆炸在幾秒內釋放的能量比我們的太陽在預計一百億年壽命內釋放的能量還要多。如果一場伽馬射線爆發剛好對準地球，它會破壞我們的臭氧層並把我們暴露在有害的宇宙輻射下。

Now， the good news is that scientists believe that it is unlikely than an event like this will happen。 But some also believe that a gamma ray burst was responsible for the Ordovician extinction around 455 million years ago。

現在，好訊息是科學家相信這種情況不太可能會發生。但是也有一些科學家認為伽瑪射線爆發可能是四十五億年前奧陶紀大滅絕的罪魁禍首。

In case you don’t know what that is， that event wiped out nearly 85% of marine species。 So that‘s bad news for fishermen。

提一下，奧陶紀大滅絕那場災難抹去了85%的海洋物種。所以，對於漁民來說，真是個壞訊息。

Number two is galactic cannibalism。

No， this isn’t aliens eating themselves。

第二名是星系吞食。

不，這並不是外星人在吃他們自己同類。

Let me explain。 Galactic cannibalism is one of the most dangerous and terrifying events in the known universe。

我來解釋下。星系吞食現象是已知宇宙中最危險最駭人聽聞的事件之一。

Galaxies contain billions of stars and planets， and some may even have supermassive black holes at their center。 This creates an immense amount of gravitational pull。

星系包含著數以億計的恆星和行星某些星系，甚至在其中心還含有大質量黑洞。這會產生劇烈的引力拉扯。

When the gravitational attraction of two galaxies takes effect， a collision occurs which rips entire stars and planetary systems out of their orbit。 Usually， the larger galaxy absorbs either a section of， or the entire smaller galaxy。

當兩個星系的引力相互作用時，便會發生一場碰撞，將所有恆星和恆星系撕扯出它們的軌道。通常地，較大的星系會吸收較小星系的一部分或整個小星系。

And scientists predict that this is going to happen in the next five years。

No， no， I‘m joking， I’m joking。

而且科學家預測這將在未來的五年內發生。

好吧，好吧，我只是在開玩笑，玩笑而已。

It‘s going to take four billions years， when our galaxy will collide with the Andromeda galaxy， with a 12% chance that our entire solar system would be ejected from the newly-formed galaxy out to wherever。

Good thing that by then Earth won’t even be habitable due to our sun expanding。

我們銀河系將與仙女座星系碰撞，將會在未來四十億年內發生，而且我們太陽系有12%的機率會被新產生的星系彈射到不知道哪裡去。

好訊息是那時候的地球由於太陽膨脹擴張，已經不可居住了。

Every cloud has a silver lining， I guess？ And number one is the Big Rip。

萬事總有一線希望吧，我猜。第一名是大撕裂。

Most cosmologists agree that the universe began with a gigantic explosion known as the Big Bang， but some believe that this event will inevitably lead to the end of the universe itself， known as the Big Rip。

This theory states that the universe will eventually literally tear itself apart。

多數宇宙學家確信宇宙起源於一場稱作宇宙大爆炸的巨大的爆炸，但是某些宇宙學家也相信，宇宙大爆炸會不可避免地通往宇宙的終結，這被稱為大撕裂。

這種理論是說宇宙最終會把自己給撕開。

The idea is that， following the Big Bang， the universe began expanding。 This expansion is still accelerating due to an elusive force known as dark energy。

這種觀點認為，大爆炸之後宇宙持續的膨脹著。而這膨脹過程由於一種叫做暗能量的排斥力而持續加速。

Those who support the Big Rip hypothesis believe that this expansion will eventually stretch the universe to an infinite point， causing everything from galaxies to stars， even subatomic particles themselves to suddenly tear apart。

But hopefully this doesn‘t happen for a very long time。

支援大撕裂假說的人認為這種膨脹最終會讓宇宙拉扯至無窮遠，使得一切事物，從銀河到恆星，甚至連亞原子粒子本身都會突然被撕裂開。

但是希望這在短時間內還不會發生。

A， because I want to live。 And B， I’ve got a lot of errands to do today。

一方面，因為我想活著。另一方面，我今天還有好多事要做。

It‘s just big list。 So， those were the 10 most dangerous things found in space。

長長的一串清單。以上就是宇宙中發現的最危險的十個事物。

And if you guys enjoyed this or learned something， be sure to give it a thumbs up。

Also， be sure to subscribe to my channel if you haven’t yet。

如果你們喜歡這個影片並且學到了東西就點個讚唄。

另外，沒關注我的頻道可以關注一下。

And click the bell beside the subscribe button to enable notifications so that you never miss a thing， because I release new videos all the time。

Thank you guys for watching， and I‘ll see you in the next one， goodbye now！

同時記得點選訂閱按鈕後面的鈴鐺以啟用提醒功能，這樣就不會錯過更新了，畢竟我總在更新影片。

感謝觀看，下個影片見，拜拜。