跨國調查：多數人不願意為環保改變生活方式 原因是……

隨著氣候危機的加劇，越來越多人意識到保護地球的重要性，但是調查發現，如果需要人們為此改變生活方式，絕大多數人都不願意。與此同時，大多數國家的受訪者認為本國政府做得很不夠。

［Photo/Pexels］

一項跨國調查發現，民眾對氣候危機感到擔憂，但是多數人認為他們為保護地球所做的貢獻已經比包括本國政府在內的其他人都要多，而且願意為了環保在生活方式上做出重大改變的人也寥寥無幾。

Citizens are alarmed by the climate crisis， but most believe they are already doing more to preserve the planet than anyone else， including their government， and few are willing to make significant lifestyle changes， an international survey has found。

調查發現，62%的受訪者認為氣候危機是當前世介面臨的主要環境挑戰，緊隨其後的是空氣汙染（39%）、廢物汙染（38%）和新型疾病（36%）。

The survey found that 62% of people surveyed saw the climate crisis as the main environmental challenge the world was now facing， ahead of air pollution （39%）， the impact of waste （38%） and new diseases （36%）。

但是當被要求對比其他人（包括政府、企業和媒體）來評價自己的個人行為時，人們通常認為自己對環境的貢獻比本地社群其他人或機構都大得多。

But when asked to rate their individual action against others’ such as governments， business and the media， people generally saw themselves as much more committed to the environment than others in their local community， or any institution。

約36%的受訪者自稱對保護地球“做出很大努力”，而認為媒體和本地政府做到這一點的人分別只有21%和19%。僅18%的受訪者認為本地社群也在同樣努力地保護地球，國家政府和大公司得到的評價更低，分別只有17%和13%的人認為這兩者在努力保護地球。

About 36% rated themselves “highly committed” to preserving the planet， while only 21% felt the same was true of the media and 19% of local government。 A mere 18% felt their local community was equally committed， with national governments （17%） and big corporations （13%） seen as even less engaged。

受訪者對於為環保付出更多個人努力也不太熱心，並援引了各種理由。大多數（76%）受訪者表示他們可以接受更嚴格的環保規定和條例，但是近半數（46%）受訪者覺得無需改變自己的個人習慣。

Respondents were also lukewarm about doing more themselves， citing a wide range of reasons。 Most （76%） of those surveyed said they would accept stricter environmental rules and regulations， but almost half （46%） felt that there was no real need for them to change their personal habits。

只有51%的受訪者表示自己肯定會採取行動應對氣候問題，14%的人表示肯定不會，還有35%的人搖擺不定。波蘭和新加坡的受訪者採取氣候行動的意願最強，比例達到56%，德國和荷蘭受訪者的意願是最低的，分別只有44%和37%。

Only 51% said they would definitely take individual climate action， with 14% saying they would definitely not and 35% torn。 People in Poland and Singapore （56%） were the most willing to act， and in Germany （44%） and the Netherlands （37%） the least。

Screenshot from Guardian

不願意為保護地球做更多努力的最常見原因包括“我對自己現在的所作所為感到自豪”（74%）、“專家們對於最佳解決方案沒有達成統一意見”（72%），以及“我需要公共部門提供更多資源和裝置”（69%）。

The most common reasons given for not being willing to do more for the planet were “I feel proud of what I am currently doing” （74%）， “There isn’t agreement among experts on the best solutions” （72%）， and “I need more resources and equipment from public authorities” （69%）。

其他原因還有“我的經濟能力不允許”（60%）、“我缺乏與行動相關的資訊和指導意見”（55%）、“我認為個人努力不會產生實質影響”（39%）、“我認為環境威脅被高估了”（35%）和“我沒有多餘的腦力來考慮這事兒”（33%）。

Other reasons for not wanting to do more included “I can’t afford to make those efforts” （60%）， “I lack information and guidance on what to do” （55%）， “I don’t think individual efforts can really have an impact” （39%）， “I believe environmental threats are overestimated” （35%） and “I don’t have the headspace to think about it” （33%）。

此外，在被問及應該優先採取哪些保護地球的行動時，受訪者更傾向於選擇那些已經成為習慣、不太需要個人努力以及基本不用個人承擔直接責任的行動。

Asked which actions to preserve the planet should be prioritised， moreover， people attributed more importance to measures that were already established habits， required less individual effort， or for which they bore little direct responsibility。

Screenshot from Guardian

舉例來說，約57%的受訪者表示減少垃圾、增加回收“非常重要”。其他被認為應該優先採取的措施包括退耕還林（54%）、保護瀕危動物（52%）、建造節能建築（47%）以及用再生能源替代化石燃料（45%）。

About 57%， for example， said that reducing waste and increasing recycling was “very important”。 Other measures seen as priorities were reversing deforestation （54%）， protecting endangered animal species （52%）， building energy-efficient buildings （47%）， and replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy （45%）。

然而，受訪者認為那些可能影響自身生活方式的措施沒那麼重要。只有32%的人認為應該降低人們的能源消耗，同樣，只有25%的人認為應該多乘公交少坐車，24%的人認為應該徹底改變我們的農業模式（24%）。

Respondents viewed measures likely to affect their own lifestyles， however， as significantly less important： reducing people’s energy consumption was seen as a priority by only 32%， while favouring public transport over cars （25%） and radically changing our agricultural model （24%） were similarly unpopular。

只有23%的受訪者認為減少航空出行和向不環保的產品增加徵稅對於保護地球很重要。禁止燃油車、減少肉類消費和國際貿易的優先順序更低，分別只有22%、18%和17%的人支援這些措施。

Only 23% felt that reducing plane travel and charging more for products that did not respect environmental norms were important to preserve the planet， while banning fossil fuel vehicles （22%） and reducing meat consumption （18%） and international trade （17%） were seen as even lower priorities。

研究指出，“不可否認，民眾對地球的現狀感到擔憂，但是這些發現卻對人們保護地球的意願提出了質疑。人們不是更積極地透過改變個人習慣去保護地球，而是特別關注對政府作為的負面評價。”

“Citizens are undeniably concerned by the state of the planet， but these findings raise doubts regarding their level of commitment to preserving it，” the study said。 “Rather than translating into a greater willingness to change their habits， citizens’ concerns are particularly focused on their negative assessment of governments’ efforts。”

調查選取的1000多名具有代表性的受訪者來自美國、英國、西班牙、法國、荷蘭、德國、瑞典、波蘭、新加坡和紐西蘭。

Representative samples of more than 1，000 people were questioned in the US， UK， Spain， France， the Netherlands， Germany， Sweden， Poland， Singapore and New Zealand。

除了瑞典以外，其他國家的受訪民眾給自己為環保所做的努力都打了最高分。只有新加坡和紐西蘭的民眾認為本國政府積極採取行動保護地球。民眾對自身努力的評價（44%打高分）和對政府作為的評價（16%打高分）之間差距最大的是英國。

People gave themselves the highest score for commitment everywhere except Sweden， while only in Singapore and New Zealand were national governments seen as highly engaged。 The gulf between citizens’ view of their own efforts （44%） and that of their government （16%） was highest in the UK。

（來源：中國日報網）